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Answers By Shon Harris
1. A. Cryptanalysis is the process of trying to reverse-engineer a cryptosystem with the possible goal of uncovering the key used. Once this key is uncovered, all other messages encrypted with thisQuick Tips By Shon Harris
• Cryptography is the science of protecting information by encoding it into an unreadable format. • The most famous rotor encryption machine is the Enigma used by the Germans in WWII.Logical Security, Network Security: Summary By Shon Harris
Cryptography has been used in one form or another for over 4000 years, and the attacks on cryptography have probably been in place for 3999 years and 364 days. As one group of people works to findLogical Security, Network Security: Questions By Shon Harris
Please remember that these questions are formatted and asked in a certain way for a reason. Keep in mind that the CISSP exam is asking questions at a conceptual level. Questions may not always haveDifferential Cryptanalysis By Shon Harris
This type of attack also has the goal of uncovering the key that was used for encryption purposes. It was invented in 1990 as an attack against DES, and it turned out to be an effective andLogical Security, Network Security: Cookies By Shon Harris
Cookies are text files that a browser maintains on a user’s hard drive. Cookies have different uses, and some are used for demographic and advertising information. As a user travels from site toLogical Security, Network Security: Secure Electronic Transaction By Shon Harris
Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a security technology proposed by Visa and MasterCard to allow for more secure credit card transaction possibilities than what is currently available. SET hasBlogger: Page not found
Secure Shell (SSH) functions as a type of tunneling mechanism that provides terminal like access to remote computers. SSH is a program and a protocol that can be used to log in to another computerLogical Security, Network Security: Internet Security Protocol By Shon Harris
The Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) protocol suite provides a method of setting up a secure channel for protected data exchange between two devices. The devices that share this secure channel canLogical Security, Network Security: Attacks By Shon Harris
Eavesdropping and sniffing data as it passes over a network are considered passive attacks because the attacker is not affecting the protocol, algorithm, key, message, or any parts of theLogical Security, Network Security: Internet Security By Shon Harris
The Web is not the Internet. The Web runs on top of the Internet, in a sense. The Web is the collection of HTTP servers that hold and process web sites we see. The Internet is the collection ofLogical Security, Network Security: E-mail Standards By Shon Harris
Like other types of technologies, cryptography has industry standards and de facto standards. Standards are necessary because they help ensure interoperability among vendor products. Standards usuallyLogical Security, Network Security: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension By Shon Harris
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) is a technical specification indicating how multimedia data and e-mail attachments are to be transferred. The Internet has mail standards thatLogical Security, Network Security: Privacy-Enhanced Mail by Shon Harris
Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) is an Internet standard to provide secure e-mail over the Internet and for in-house communication infrastructures. The protocols within PEM provide authentication,Logical Security, Network Security: Pretty Good Privacy By Shon Harris
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) was designed by Phil Zimmerman as a freeware e-mail security program and was released in 1991. It was the first widespread public key encryption program.Logical Security, Network Security: Quantum Cryptography By Shon Harris
Today, we have very sophisticated and strong algorithms that are more than strong enough for most uses, even financial transactions and exchanging your secret meatloaf recipe.Logical Security, Network Security: Link Encryption vs. End-to-End Encryption By Shon Harris
Encryption can be performed at different communication levels, each with different types of protection and implications. Two general modes of encryption implementation are link encryption andLogical Security, Network Security: Certificate Authorities by Shon Harris
A CA is a trusted organization (or server) that maintains and issues digital certificates. When a person requests a certificate, the registration authority (RA) verifies that individual’sLogical Security, Network Security: Key Management By Shon Harris
Cryptography can be used as a security mechanism to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication, but not if the keys are compromised in any way. The keys can be captured, modifiedLogical Security, Network Security: Rules for Keys and Key Management by Shon Harris
Key management is critical for proper protection. The following are responsibilities that fall under the key management umbrella: • The key length should beLogical Security, Network Security: Key Management Principles
Keys should not be in cleartext outside the cryptography device. As stated previously, many cryptography algorithms are known publicly, which puts more stress on protecting the secrecyLogical Security, Network Security: Public Key Infrastructure By Shon Harris
Public key infrastructure (PKI) consists of programs, data formats, procedures, communication protocols, security policies, and public key cryptographic mechanisms working inLogical Security, Network Security: Digital Signature Standard By Shon Harris
Because digital signatures are so important in proving who sent which messages, the U.S. government decided to establish standards pertaining to their functions and acceptable use. In 1991, NISTLogical Security, Network Security: Various Hashing Algorithms By Shon Harris
As stated earlier, the goal of using a one-way hash function is to provide a fingerprint of the message. If two different messages produce the same hash value, it would be easier for an attacker toLogical Security, Network Security: Message Integrity
Parity bits and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) functions have been used in protocols to detect modifications in streams of bits as they are passed from one computer to another, but they canLogical Security, Network Security: HMAC By Shon Harris
In the previous example, if Cheryl were to use an HMAC function instead of just a plain hashing algorithm, a symmetric key would be concatenated with her message. The result of this processLogical Security, Network Security: The One-Way Hash by Shon Harris
A one-way hash is a function that takes a variable-length string and a message and produces a fixed-length value called a hash value. For example, if Kevin wants to send a message to Maureen andLogical Security, Network Security: CBC-MAC
If a CBC-MAC is being used, the message is encrypted with a symmetric block cipher in CBC mode and the output of the final block of ciphertext is used as the MAC.Logical Security, Network Security: Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems
Elliptic curves are rich mathematical structures that have shown usefulness in many different types of applications. An elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) provides much of the sameLogical Security, Network Security: RSA by Shon Harris
RSA, named after its inventors Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, is a public key algorithm that is the most popular when it comes to asymmetric algorithms. RSA is a worldwide de
