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Secure Shell (SSH) functions as a type of tunneling mechanism that provides terminal like access to remote computers. SSH is a program and a protocol that can be used to log in to another computerLogical Security, Network Security: Cookies By Shon Harris
Cookies are text files that a browser maintains on a user’s hard drive. Cookies have different uses, and some are used for demographic and advertising information. As a user travels from site toLogical Security, Network Security: Questions By Shon Harris
Please remember that these questions are formatted and asked in a certain way for a reason. Keep in mind that the CISSP exam is asking questions at a conceptual level. Questions may not always haveQuick Tips By Shon Harris
• Cryptography is the science of protecting information by encoding it into an unreadable format. • The most famous rotor encryption machine is the Enigma used by the Germans in WWII.Logical Security, Network Security: Attacks Against One-Way Hash Functions
A good hashing algorithm should not produce the same hash value for two different messages. If the algorithm does produce the same value for two distinctly different messages, this is called aLogical Security, Network Security: Security Issues of Social Network Sites By Shon Harris
1. What Social Networks Are Social networks are very widely diffused today. A social network is a social structure made of people that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency, suchLogical Security, Network Security: Hybrid Encryption Methods By Shon Harris
Up to this point, we have figured out that symmetric algorithms are fast but have some drawbacks (lack of scalability, difficult key management, and they provide only confidentiality).Logical Security, Network Security: Rules for Keys and Key Management by Shon Harris
Key management is critical for proper protection. The following are responsibilities that fall under the key management umbrella: • The key length should beLogical Security, Network Security: Methods of Encryption By Shon Harris
Although there can be several pieces to an encryption process, the two main pieces are the algorithms and the keys. As stated earlier, algorithms usedLogical Security, Network Security: Certificate Authorities by Shon Harris
A CA is a trusted organization (or server) that maintains and issues digital certificates. When a person requests a certificate, the registration authority (RA) verifies that individual’sLogical Security, Network Security: The Advanced Encryption Standard
After DES was used as an encryption standard for over 20 years and it was cracked in a relatively short time once the necessary technology was available, NIST decided a new standard,Logical Security, Network Security: Quantum Cryptography By Shon Harris
Today, we have very sophisticated and strong algorithms that are more than strong enough for most uses, even financial transactions and exchanging your secret meatloaf recipe.Logical Security, Network Security: The Diffie-Hellman Algorithm
The first group to address the shortfalls of symmetric key cryptography decided to attack the issue of secure distribution of the symmetric key. Whitfield Diffie and Martin HellmanLogical Security, Network Security: Privacy-Enhanced Mail by Shon Harris
Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) is an Internet standard to provide secure e-mail over the Internet and for in-house communication infrastructures. The protocols within PEM provide authentication,Logical Security, Network Security: One-Way Functions
A one-way function is a mathematical function that is easier to compute in one direction than in the opposite direction. An analogy of this is when you drop a glass on the floor. Although dropping aLogical Security, Network Security: E-mail Standards By Shon Harris
Like other types of technologies, cryptography has industry standards and de facto standards. Standards are necessary because they help ensure interoperability among vendor products. Standards usuallyLogical Security, Network Security: RSA by Shon Harris
RSA, named after its inventors Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, is a public key algorithm that is the most popular when it comes to asymmetric algorithms. RSA is a worldwide deLogical Security, Network Security: Attacks By Shon Harris
Eavesdropping and sniffing data as it passes over a network are considered passive attacks because the attacker is not affecting the protocol, algorithm, key, message, or any parts of theLogical Security, Network Security: CBC-MAC
If a CBC-MAC is being used, the message is encrypted with a symmetric block cipher in CBC mode and the output of the final block of ciphertext is used as the MAC.Logical Security, Network Security: Governmental Involvement in Cryptography by Shon Harris
In the United States, in the 1960s to 1980s, exportation of cryptographic mechanisms and equipment was very carefully regulated and monitored.Logical Security, Network Security: HMAC By Shon Harris
In the previous example, if Cheryl were to use an HMAC function instead of just a plain hashing algorithm, a symmetric key would be concatenated with her message. The result of this processLogical Security, Network Security: Steganography By Shon Harris
Steganography is a method of hiding data in another media type so the very existence of the data is concealed. Steganography is mainly accomplished by hiding messages in graphic images. The leasLogical Security, Network Security: Various Hashing Algorithms By Shon Harris
As stated earlier, the goal of using a one-way hash function is to provide a fingerprint of the message. If two different messages produce the same hash value, it would be easier for an attacker toLogical Security, Network Security: Running and Concealment Ciphers By Shon Harris
Two spy-novel-type ciphers are the running key cipher and the concealment cipher. The running key cipher could use a key that does not require an electronic algorithm and bit alterations, butLogical Security, Network Security: Public Key Infrastructure By Shon Harris
Public key infrastructure (PKI) consists of programs, data formats, procedures, communication protocols, security policies, and public key cryptographic mechanisms working inLogical Security, Network Security: Internet Security Protocol By Shon Harris
The Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) protocol suite provides a method of setting up a secure channel for protected data exchange between two devices. The devices that share this secure channel canLogical Security, Network Security: Secure Electronic Transaction By Shon Harris
Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a security technology proposed by Visa and MasterCard to allow for more secure credit card transaction possibilities than what is currently available. SET hasDifferential Cryptanalysis By Shon Harris
This type of attack also has the goal of uncovering the key that was used for encryption purposes. It was invented in 1990 as an attack against DES, and it turned out to be an effective andLogical Security, Network Security: Summary By Shon Harris
Cryptography has been used in one form or another for over 4000 years, and the attacks on cryptography have probably been in place for 3999 years and 364 days. As one group of people works to findAnswers By Shon Harris
1. A. Cryptanalysis is the process of trying to reverse-engineer a cryptosystem with the possible goal of uncovering the key used. Once this key is uncovered, all other messages encrypted with this
