Provides definitions of keywords starting with the letter 'Q' within the life, earth and environmental sciences and includes resources for further information.

Provides definitions of keywords starting with the letter 'P' within the life, earth and environmental sciences and includes resources for further information.

Provides definitions of keywords starting with the letter 'O' within the life, earth and environmental sciences and includes resources for further information.

Provides definitions of keywords starting with the letter 'N' within the life, earth and environmental sciences and includes resources for further information.

Bacillus thuringiensis has negligible toxicity and several other viruses have no effect. Consequently, most biological insecticides have no or only neglegible effects on honey bees.

Concerns associated with biotechnology include economic pressure, corporate capital and commercial influences on the independance of science.

Major spice crops include pepper, cloves, nutmeg, mace, cardamom, cinnamon, cassia, ginger and chili. There is slow but steady growth in supply as well as demand for these commodities.

Vegetables are among the best antioxidant foods for preventing and treating atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Biomass-based vegetable oil is a renewable fuel source that might substitute for fossil fuels. Vegetable oil can dramatically increase agricultural income.

Increases in greenhouse gas emissions will excert damages in all regions of the world unless these impacts are alleviated by sequestering CO2 through large-scale plantations of horticultural crops.

As the main horticultural crop in Brazil, tomatoes and their productivity are important issues. Costs, cost structures, crop yield and economic returns affect tomato production.

Africa's fuelwood crisis is associated with increasing demand from urban consuming centres and land conversion to agriculture.

For improving rural development it is important to make optimal use of natural resources and incorporate new technologies. Technically realistic global productive systems can so be developed.

In the Caribbean countries, smallholders comprise more than 50% of all farmers but contribute a substantial proportion of basic food for domestic consumption.

Optimizing cropping techniques including no-till, cover crop, genotypes, growth regulators, irrigation, plant density and fertilizers can increase African farmers' income by at least 25 percent.